Slavery and the Life of Harriet Jacobs Essay -- Slavery Essays

Slavery and the Life of Harriet Jacobs It is well known that slavery was a horrible event in the history of the United States. However, what isn't as well known is the actual severity of slavery. The experiences of slave women presented by Angela Davis and the theories of black women presented by Patricia Hill Collins are evident in the life of Harriet Jacobs and show the severity of slavery for black women. The history of slave women offered by Davis suggests that "compulsory labor overshadowed every other aspect of women's existence" (Davis 5). This is quite apparent through examination of the life of Harriet Jacobs. All slaves were forced to do hard labor and were subject to cruel remarks by whites, in this sense they were genderless, except women endured much more foul treatment. Harriet Jacobs was forced to listen to the sexual berating from her master, Dr. Flint, as well as receive jealous scorn from her mistress, Mrs. Flint. Yet worse than the verbal abuse was the physical, sexual abuse imposed on slave women. "Naming or not naming the father of a child, taking as a wife a woman who had children by unnamed fathers, [and] giving a newborn child the name of a father" were all considered by Herbert Gutman to be "everyday choices" in slave communities (Davis 15). Not being able to name a father must have made slave women feel great pain from being a "genderless" tool and great isolat ion by forcing them to take care of bastard children on their own. However, the worst comes when the child is old enough to work and, in most cases, is auctioned off. By auctioning off a slave woman's children slave masters not only dehumanized slave women but gave additional pain to slave women by taking their loved children away. Slave... ...brother. These past three points all serve as examples of the severity of slavery for women. The U.S. slave system has placed African American women at a disadvantage for hundreds of years. It's atrocious to think this kind of thing could ever be allowed to happen. Even worse is to the reality that it wouldn't be that way if people truly believed in equality. Women were owned in every aspect, not merely free labor. Their minds, bodies, and souls were pushed to the limits and Harriet Jacobs is an example of this being true. Works Cited Collins, Patricia. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge, 2000 Davis, Angela. The Legacy Of Slavery: Standards For A New Womanhood. Jacobs, Harriet, and Yellin, Jean. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press

Are More Violent Than Ever Essay

In our current time today, there have been many issues concerning our behavior in the society. Philosophers for ages have been studying why man behaves so at he is. Still, no singular theory for human behavior has been developed. It is important for a society to be in a peaceful and orderly manner. If societies have citizens with improper behavior then it may lead to chaos in the community. Having orderly manner is one key factor in making up a community. If the balance between these factors is disturbed then it could lead to trouble. One of the alarming issues in our youth today is the growing number of violence in our youth today. One important public health problem that needs to be resolved immediately is youth violence. This problem usually leads to death and fatalities. In a 2003 study, 5,570 young people that were from the ages of 10 to 24 were murdered. An average of 15 young murders is committed each day. Most of the victims were killed from the use of firearms such as guns. 750,000 young people between the ages of 10 to 24 were rushed to hospitals and clinics because of the injuries they have sustained by violence. (â€Å"Youth Violence, Facts Sheet†) There have been many reports of school shooting, youth accessing fire arms, youth violent acts in the community. Most of the teens are expected to be in schools and sadly, school violence today is increasing also. In 2004, a nationwide survey was conducted in high schools. The survey showed that 17% students confirmed they brought a dangerous weapon inside their school premises. Around 6% of the teenagers who were interview that were attending school stated that they intentionally missed a school days because they felt threatened inside their school grounds. The survey also showed that bullying is growing to a serious problem in schools today. In the survey, 30% of students in 6th and 10th grade were said to be a bully, a target of a bully or both. The survey also stated that 33% of the students were said to be involved in a physical fight in their school. The institution that the children should be being educated is now also evident of violence. It is a fact that violence in teenagers are increasing. (â€Å"Youth Violence, Facts Sheet†; Prevention â€Å"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control†; Prevention â€Å"Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States†) There are some factors that cause violence in our teens today. One of which is television and media. Violence on Television happens in most of its programs and 5 times more in cartoons which are viewed by children. Studies have revealed that violence on television and media affects the behavior and attitudes of its viewers, especially the children who watch it. A study shows that a minimum of 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of violence on television and media has been witnessed by a child at the age of 12. There is much violence in the media, such as in music, cartoons, wrestling shows or movies, which corrupts the children attuned to it and makes them recognize violence and thus, increases violent behavior. Sadly, children spend most of their time watching television and playing violent video games than studying and being in their classrooms. (Prevention â€Å"Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States†) Another cause of violence in our youth is violence at home. Teenagers who are experience violence in there home, whether it is done to them or to other family members, would also become violent. A young person’s home have a huge effect on him. Violence in homes are caused by multiple factors such as past violent encounters in the violent family member’s home and also by poverty or being in the underclass which causes dysfunctional ties within the family. The poor monitoring of a child in a low parent environment would likely turn that child to violence. The child would practice violent acts outside his home, just following what he observes inside the house. (Mercy J; â€Å"Teen Violence†)

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Hawthornes Young...

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Young Goodman Brown Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of Gods Grace. Because man had broken the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abrahams people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility. In the Puritan religion, believers dutifully recognized the negative aspects of their humanity rather than the gifts they possessed. This shadow of distrust would have a direct influence on early American New England and on many of its historians and writers, one of which was Nathaniel Hawthorne. The influence of†¦show more content†¦Hawthorne sets Young Goodman Brown into a context of Puritan rigidity and self-doubt to allow his contemporary readers to see the consequences of such a system of belief. Hawthornes tale places the newly wed Puritan Brown upon the road to what may or may not be a true conversion experience. The conversion experience - a sudden realization brought about by divine intervention, a vision, or perhaps a dream - easily translates into the dream allegory of Hawthornes work and allows the author to use Puritan doctrine and the history of Salem to argue the merits and consequences of such a belief. Major issues and themes of Puritanism must have been researched and delicately placed into Hawthornes discussion of not only past consequences of Puritan zeal but also on the contemporary religious issue of his own time, the Second Great Awakening. Much like the nighttime witches Sabbath that awaits Goodman Brown, the tent revivals of the 1820s and 1830s could be seen by the questioning Hawthorne as another attempt by the church to sway its membership towards total obedience and faith. The importance placed on this event by Goodman Brown shows the importance plac ed on the conversion experienceShow MoreRelated Young Goodman Brown VS. Paul Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pages Young Goodman Brown vs. Paul nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After studying the short stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case†, I began to see many similarities within the two stories. Both of the main characters in each story have characteristics that could be looked at as being alike, but after analyzing each character I started to find that although alike in some aspects, these two characters are very different from one another. At first I noticedRead MoreEssay on Women in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1724 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Women  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the attitudes of the young Puritan husband Goodman Brown toward women, of the author toward women, of   other characters in the story toward women? This essay intends to answer that question.    Randall Stewart in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Female Characters† states that there are three types of female characters in Hawthorne’s writings: (1) â€Å"the wholesome New England girl, bright, sensible and self-reliant;† (2) â€Å"the frail, sylph-like creature, easilyRead More Alienation and Moral Dilemma as Portrayed by Nathaniel Hawthorne1869 Words   |  8 PagesSalem, Massachusetts in 1804 during Puritan times. He created many stories that reflect his life experiences growing up as a Puritan. He writes stories that end with a moral that was learned through the struggles of the characters. These characters are almost always faced with a dilemma where they must choose what is right versus what is wrong. Another common theme in his writing is alienation. These concepts can be found in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and â€Å"The

What to Pack When Coming Home From College

The major breaks in college—like Thanksgiving and Spring Break—can be lifesavers for all kinds of reasons. Besides the break from classes and the festivities that happen, these breaks provide a great opportunity to head home and recharge. But just what should you pack when coming home from college? With so much going on before you leave, it can be easy to not pay attention to what youre going to bring home over the break. Spending a few minutes now, however, to double-check the items on this list can save you many hours of inconvenience later. Laundry While doing your laundry in college isnt logistically complicated, it takes a lot of time—and money. Doing your laundry at home, of course, is an easy way to save some time, cash, and overall inconvenience. Dont forget to grab the things that especially need a good washing at this point in the semester, like your sheets, towels, and blankets. Anything You Need to Do Your Homework Sure, most of your research can be done online, but if you forget your reader for Politics 101 or your notes for Organic Chemistry, you can be up the creek. Given that youre heading home over the break with the hope of getting some rest and relaxation, the last thing you need is to stress over how to get your homework done without the things you need for the assignment(s). Take a few minutes to think through what youll need to do—and what items youll need to finish those projects. Your Laptop/Computer Sometimes, the things that seem the simplest are the easiest to forget. Make sure to pack your laptop/computer as well as its power cord. If youre going through the trouble of schlepping your computer home, itd be a waste not to be able to use it after the battery dies. A Jump Drive You may have things on a school server or be sharing documents with other students for a group project. Consequently, make sure to grab any jump drives you are using. That rough draft of your Shakespeare paper may be awesome but not if you accidentally leave it behind during break. Your Cell Phone and Charger You likely have your cell phone on you 24/7. Which, of course, is great—until you accidentally leave it at school. As you leave, do a quick check to make sure you have your cell phone (and its charger) with you. That last thing you want to worry about is not having a cell phone during your break or wondering where you left it. Seasonal Clothes to Swap at Home When you headed to campus this semester, you likely brought seasonal clothes (e.g., warm winter stuff or cool summer stuff). But Thanksgiving and Spring Break can mark a major change in the weather. Pack an extra bag of things you dont need until you go home again and then fill it with clothes back at home that you know youll need for the rest of the semester. A Nice Outfit If Youre Doing Interviews If your to-do list over the break includes doing interviews for seasonal or summer work, remember to pack that nice business outfit so that you wont be left scrambling (or worse, borrowing something from your parents) on interview day. Even if you think youll just be dropping off applications, looking professional when you do so still matters. Lastly, remember to pack important accessories, like shoes, jewelry, socks, and a nice jacket, that complete your interview outfit.

Gangs Crime and Gang Violence - 1549 Words

Gangs Gangs are a violent reality that people have to deal with in today s cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being in a gang is both an acceptable and prestigious way to live? The long range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence we must find the way that these morals are given to the individual. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is good evidence to point the blame at several†¦show more content†¦The new anti social structure of cities also effects the ease in which a boy/girl can join a gang. The formation of gangs in cities, and most recently in suburbs, is facilitated by the same lack of community among parents. The parents do not know what their children are doing for two reasons: First, much of the parents lives is outside the local community, while the children s lives are lived almost totally within it. Second, in a fully developed community, the network of relations gives every parent, in a sense, a community of sentries who can keep him informed of his child s activities. In modern living-places (city or suburban), where such a network is attenuated, he no longer has such sentries.2, (Merton Nisbet, 1971). In male gangs problems occur as each is the members tries to be the most manly. This often leads to all members participating in one-up-manship. Quite often this will then lead to each member trying to commit a bigger and more violent crime or simply more crimes than the others. With all members participating in this sort of activity it makes for a never ending unorganized violence spree (A sort of Clockwork Orange mentality). In gangs with more intellegent members these feelings end up making each member want to be the star when the groups commit a crime. This makes the gang much more organized and improves the morale of membersShow MoreRelatedGang Violence And Organized Crime Essay1966 Words   |  8 PagesGang violence and organized crime have become a serious problem for El Salvador and Central America for the past decade. Gang violence is an enormous problem in El Salvador especially among young people with an estimate of 60,000 minors belonging to gangs. According to government organization Instituto de Medicina Legal, the country has the highest murder rate in Latin America and the Caribbean with 103 murders per 10 0,000 person. High rates of violence are contributed by competition between rivalRead MoreGang Involvement : Membership, Violence, Crime And Juvenile Delinquency3474 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: GANGS: MEMBERSHIP, VIOLENCE/CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Gangs: Membership, Violence, Crime and Juvenile Delinquency By Dominique Dillon St. John’s University CRM 119 Dominique Dillon October 22nd 2014 Running head: GANGS: MEMBERSHIP, VIOLENCE/CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Annotated Bibliography Alleyne, Emma Wood, Jane L., (2011). Gang Involvement: Social and Environment Factors. Crime and Delinquency 60 (4) 547-568. Using the stereotypes of the AmericanRead More Role of Non-violence in Reducing Juvenile Gangs and Crime Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Our society incorporates violence into nearly every aspect of its existence.   We pick up the newspaper or turn on the television and find details of the latest violent crimes.   More often these crimes involve children.   Recently two young boys murdered a young girl for her bicycle.   They valued a material object more than a human life.   At some point in their lives they learned it was okay to harm another individual.   No one provoked them and they were not defending themselves.   They actedRead MoreRacial Segregation Of Chicago And Explosive Gang Related Crime1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe aforementioned the white gang’s behaviors have contributed to the racial segregation of Chicago and the explosive gang related crime in the present day south side of Chicago. Just like African Americans formed gangs to protect themselves against Chicago s white gangs, the Latin Kings formed in Chicago with the same intent. In Chicago Mr. Sanchez a member of the Latin Kings gang shared in an interview: How the Latin Kings were originally formed decades ago to protect the Puerto Rican communityRead MoreGANG VIOLENCE AND HARSH PENALTIES1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Chen March 20 2014 Gang Violence and Harsh Penalties The presence of gang violence has plagued the United States for many years. Although it is more active in some parts of the country than others, gang violence affects every American: either monetarily as a taxpayer or directly as a victim. Regardless, it is a concern of every individual; therefore, the criminal justice system has been addressing it for years in different ways. The approach of emphasizing harsh punishments has been implementedRead MoreThe Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence1520 Words   |  7 PagesGang violence is becoming a known threat in our country. Gang violence is defined as a group of people by repetitive socializing individuals or close friends with recognizable influence and inner coordination. These gangs will claim full control over a region in a community, town, or specific area which will lead to the involvement of violent crimes and unlawful behavior as a group or even by oneself. Since these gangs are increasing in size in c ommunities, citizens of certain areas are beginningRead MoreViolence Is An Everyday Act That We Have Seen In Society,1588 Words   |  7 PagesViolence is an everyday act that we have seen in society, and in result has become a problem. Gang violence, on the other hand, has been a social problem of violence for decades in the United States. In particular, it has been a serious problem in California that is has been known to be the â€Å"gang capital† in the United States, and a problem in a local scale. According to â€Å"FBI.org† , there are over 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs(FBI, 2015). Consequently, this bringsRead MoreGang Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesGang Violence Did you know that gang violence affects our world today? In this century we’re experiencing more gang related crimes ever than before. Current research shows that there is an estimate of 250,000 gang members in America (Almonte and Desmond 4). The more gangs the more killings. Adolescents are getting more involved in gangs, because of this dropout rates are increasing. The more dropouts the more drug dealers. Once they begin to sell drugs they end up in jail. This is where we comeRead MoreProblem Solution Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesProblem solution essay Final Draft. GANG VIOLENCE IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS There are approximately 27,900 gangs, with 774,000 members, impacting towns, cities, and communities across the United States. According to a recent bulletin released by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 23 percent of students aged 12 through 18 years reported presence of street gangs in their schools. Almost half (46%) of students in public schools reported street gang presence. In addition, 21 percentRead MoreGang Violence And The United States1470 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have been a part of American culture in the United States since the early 19th century when immigrant youth organized themselves into street gangs as a means of urban and economic survival. Today, gang violence has reached an almost catastrophic level in the United States. Criminal street gangs have become one of the most serious crime problems in California. Gang violence accounts for one of the largest personal threats to public safety for nearly all the cities in this state. Salinas , California

Bend Oregon Free Essays

The name bend was derived from â€Å"Farewell Bend†. This designation was used by the early pioneer that refers to the Deschutes River, where the town is platted. Deschutes country, Oregon is the principal city of Bend Oregon, Metropolitan statistical area. We will write a custom essay sample on Bend Oregon or any similar topic only for you Order Now The population was 52,029 at the 2000 census and has grown to over 75,290 as of 2006. It is located at the edge of Ponderosa pine Forrest as it transferred to high dessert plateau, characterized by junipers, sagebrush, bitter-brush and little water. Tourism is one of Bends largest sectors. The cascade lakes are large draw for tourists. Some of the recreational activities include downhill and cross country skiing, hiking, biking, rafting, golfing, camping, fishing and more. Bend also a home to the Deschutes Brewery; the largest in the city. It has also hosted the Bend film Festival bend film. Bend was previously the only metropolitan area west Mississippi without a public bus system. Funding was acquired and bus service began on a limited basis. In terms of their government, they appointed commissioners assigned to its respective duties. There are various board of commission which includes Code of professional conduct committee shall monitor new and revised AICPA Interpretations and rulings. Next is the State Board of Agriculture led by Chairman Bernie Faber. It has three-fold mission: food safety and consumer protection; protecting the natural resources base: and marketing agricultural products. There are also a commission in alcohol and Drug abuse, appraiser certification and training council, arts commission, architect examiners, Asian affairs, asset forfeiture oversight advisory committee, Board of athletic Trainers and lastly the aviation board. In the present year, infrastructures and top companies are growing and expanding, proving that Oregon has a well established economy. How to cite Bend Oregon, Papers

Partnership Business and Creditors †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Partnership Business and Creditors. Answer: Introduction: After going through the facts that are present in this version, the issue arises if Friendly Bank can recover the loan taken by Busy Bee Florist Shop. This issue arises due to the fact if Violet and Sonny can be treated as the partners of the business. Therefore, in order to decide the present issue, it has to be considered if Violet and Sonny can be treated as the partners of the business. According to section 1 of the Partnership Act, (Vic), it has been stated that the presence of three elements is necessary in order to describe a particular relationship as a partnership. Therefore in such cases, it needs to be seen if the parties have been carrying on a business; in common; and for the purpose of making a profit. Therefore, if in case of a particular relationship, even a single element does not exist, such relationship cannot be termed as a partnership. In order to decide the meaning of 'carrying on business', it has to be seen if the parties have to establish some type of repetitiveness of action or if even a single action by the parties sufficient. There have been several decisions delivered by the courts in which the courts have maintained that a repetition of action or a continuity of action is required. Therefore, for example, in Smith v Anderson, 1880, there was a group of depositors. They have subscribed to purchase the shares by forming a trust. These shares were sold to the investors by the trustees. They also gave them the certificates. The issue that was present in this case was if this particular test can be described as a partnership. In order to deal with this issue, the court had to decide the nature of business as well as the relationship that existed between the parties involved in the trust. It was noted by the court that the trustees lacked the authority to speculate. Similarly, the trustees were not having mutual rights and obligations. After going through all these facts, and also looking at the nature of the trust, the court concluded that the trust was not a partnership. The reason was that there was no association among the persons to "carry on business". Under the relevant provision has been mentioned by section 2 of the Partnership Act. This provision contains the rules that can be applied for the purpose of deciding if the relationship between the parties can be treated as a partnership. But at the same time, it also needs to be mentioned that the decision regarding the presence of a partnership cannot be made only on the basis of these rules. Therefore, these rules are not the only determinants regarding the existence of a partnership. Therefore, the court asked to look at all the circumstances related with the agreement. For this purpose, the court has discovered the real substance of the agreement. That is present between the parties. Similarly it is also required to consider the express and implied intention of the parties for this purpose. In Wiltshire v Kuenzli, 1945, it was mentioned by Roper J. After the discovered that the parties have the intention of doing everything that makes them partners under law, the intention decl ared by the parties that they should not be considered as partners, was not valid. Stekel v Ellice (1973) is the other case that can be mentioned in this regard. In this case, the defendant had given employment to the plaintiff in his accounting firm. According to the agreement created between them. In 1968, it was provided that the plaintiff had become a salaried partner and a salary will be given to him. At the same time it was also mentioned in this agreement that in April 1969, the parties will enter into another agreement. It would be provided in this agreement that the plaintiff will become a full partner. The agreement provided that the term of employment was still at the 1969. The defendant was made liable for the losses, if any, of the business. But the parties never entered into any of the event and they continue to operate as before. There was a breakdown of relations between the parties in August 1970. As a result, the petition under the business and he also took his clients. At the same time, the plaintiff wanted a declaration from the court that the p artnership had come to an end and it should be ordered to be wound up. The decision of the court in this case was that a partnership was present between the parties and it continued even in the lack of an explicit agreement (Exparte Coral Investments Pty Ltd., 1979). Section 2(3), Partnership Act is also relevant provision in this regard. This provision mentions that when a person receives a share in the profits of the business, it has to be considered as prima facie evidence regarding the fact that that person is a partner. But receiving a share of the profits of the business or receiving a payment that is based on the profit made by the business does not in itself establishes that the person is a partner. However, the difficulty may arise due to the term 'prima facie' qualifying the term evidence. Hence, it can be said that the presence of a profit-sharing scheme can be treated as evidence in favor of the presence of a partnership but only on the basis of this fact, it cannot be concluded that a person is a partner. A significant case related with this issue is Cox v Hickman (1880). The brief facts of this case are that B and J Smith have been taking as partners. The company started to face financial difficulties. Under these circumstances, the Smiths entered into a deed of arrangement with its creditors. According to the provisions of the deed, the partnership business and its property were assigned to the creditors. The deed also provided that the creditors may continue the business under a new name. It also provided that the income generated by the business will be divided by all the creditors. Similarly, the deed also mentioned that after the loan has been repaid in full, the business will be returned to the Smiths. To creditors, Cox and Wheatcroft were appointed as the trustees for the business. While Cox never acted as a trustee, Wheatcroft was selected in this position only for some time. After Wheatcroft ceased to be a trustee, certain debts were incurred by the other trustees to Hickman. Some bills of exchange were also drawn. Under these circumstances, Hickman wanted that Cox and Wheatcroft should be responsible for the bills. But the court arrived at the conclusion that both of them were never mentioned as part ners. In the same way, there was no knowledge on the part of Hickman regarding the deed. As a result, Cox and Wheatcroft were allowed by the court to deny their liability although they received a share out of the profits made by the business. In this regard, the court expressed the opinion that only this fact was not sufficient to consider them partners. The court noted that the arrangement which provided that the profits made by the business were going to be used for paying the old debts and the creditors were ready to give up their right to be paid out of the capital, cannot be said to be amounting to a partnership to that third parties who do not know regarding the deed. Therefore the position appears to be that even if the person sharing the net profits of the business can be considered as a partner but this does not apply in all the cases. In this regard, it has to be seen in what sense the term has been used. For example in the present case, the court expressed its doubts, if the creditors, who were going to receive only the payments off their debt by being paid exactly the amount of the debt from the profit made by the business, can be treated as 'sharing the profits'. According to the deed present in this case, the property belonging to the business was assigned to the trustees. In order to carry out the business, and also to divide the profit made by the business among all the creditors and not only between the creditors who were a party to the deed, until the debt was paid. Therefore, in the opinion of the Court, this cannot be stated and as a result, they were not treated as partners. Keeping in view the opinion of the Court mentioned above, it can be considered as a general rule. However, the five cases where this results in cannot be made, has been mentioned in section 2(3) (a) to (e). In this regard, it has been mentioned by the law that the receipt of debt at the liquidated demand made by a person out of the profits of the business does not in itself makes such a person as a partner. The origin of this rule can be traced to Cox v Hickman (1860). But at the same time, the law also provides that in case circumstances exist, which revealed that the relationship was a partnership in reality, the lender can be considered as a partner regardless of the intention stated by the parties (Re Ruddock, 1879). In this case, money was given to the borrower by the lender was also the plaintiff. According to the agreement, the lender was going to receive interest as well as a share from the profit made by the business. The borrower had also agreed that the loan money was going to be used for the works related with the business. In the same way, the lender has also been given a ride to enter the property, if the borrower becomes bankrupt. While delivering its decision, the Court of Appeal had mentioned the need for finding out the 'real agreement' that was created by the parties. In this regard, the court stated that only the fact of sharing the profit of the business is not sufficient for the purpose of claiming a partnership. The court also stated that in the present case, the formal document signed by the parties reveals the real truth. Hence the court concluded that it was alone upon security. The lender was not going to be responsible for the loss, if any. As a result of the legal rules mentioned above, related with the law partnership, in the present is also it can be concluded that Violet needs to be treated as a partner in the Busy Bee Florist Shop even if the agreement between the parties clearly mentions that the lender (Violet) should not be considered as a partner. On the other hand, the conclusion is different, in case of Sonny. He cannot be treated as a partner in the business. This conclusion has been made on the basis of the reason that the law partnership provides that although a person may be receiving a share from the profits made by the business and this fact is prima facie evidence regarding the presence of a partnership but it cannot be concluded only on the basis of this fact that a particular person is a partner (Badeley v Consolidated Bank, 1888). According to the law partnership, in such cases, the contract for remuneration given to a servant or an agent as a share out of the profits made by the business does not i n itself make a person partner and therefore liable for its debts. References Badeley v Consolidated Bank (1888) 38 Ch D 238 Canny Gabriel Castle Advertising Pty Ltd Anor v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) 131 CLR 321 Cox v Hickman (1880) 8 HL Cas 268 Exparte Coral Investments Pty Ltd [1979] Qd R 292 Re Ruddock (1879) 5 VLR 51 (IP M) 51 Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 Stekel v Ellice [1973] 1 WLR 191 Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons Nominees Pty Ltd (No 1) (1979) 22 SASR 552 Wiltshire v Kuenzli (1945) 63 WN 47